The extraction efficiency of each UAE treatment was calculated as detailed below. 2.4. Cd extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency of Cd was calculated as follows: Y = C 0 m 0 − C 1 m 1 C 0 m 0 × 100 % where Y is the extraction efficiency of Cd (%); m 0 (g) and m 1 (g) are the mass of rice grain or rice flour before and after the ...
